Its time to learn about the disorders and diseases of the skin! Hopefully no one ate! When working in skin care it is important that we do not diagnose or attempt to cure a disease. This is a job for the persons doctor or dermatologist. If a client is showing signs of a disease it is important you not do the service and refer them out.
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For more information on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma.
Most people are aware of the basic types of skin cancer but not so many have heard of a rare type of lymphoma called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that is often first noticed because of skin symptoms. Though T-cell lymphoma can also involve the blood, lymph nodes and internal organs, it most commonly affects the skin, causing rash-like patches, itching and sometimes even tumors. T-cell lymphoma is not curable but it is treatable. Yale Medicine’s Department of Dermatology offers expert, multidisciplinary care and advanced treatments, including phototherapy for this unusual type of lymphoma.
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Barbara Pro, MD gives a deep dive into Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Dr. Pro works with the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University.
The Lymphoma Research Foundation is the nation’s largest non-profit organization devoted to funding innovative research and providing people with lymphoma and healthcare professionals with up-to-date information about this type of cancer.
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This is a brief video on infestations of the skin and infectious diseases of the dermis and epidermis.
I created this presentation with Google Slides.
Images were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Cellulitis
Bacterial skin infection → red tender plaque, often on lower leg
Might see streaks of lymphangitis to lymph nodes
Fever, high WBCs, tender lymph nodes, pain
Risk factors: trauma/wounds, systemic infxn, edema, inflammatory state, bug bites
Erysipelas
more superficial, shiny, demarcated cellulitis
Notable dermal lymphatic involvement, usually on legs or face
Impetigo
AKA impetigo contagiosum
Superficial bacterial skin infection
Epi: often in children (2-5 yo), spread among contacts
Abscess
Large mass, red, warm, tender
Can drain pus/fluid
Treat with incision and drainage
If pt has multiple abscesses, immunosuppression, or other cellulitis, treat with oral abx
Furuncle: small perifollicular abscess, (boil)
Folliculitis
Bacterial infection of hair follicles
Looks like small, red, pustules with pus
Usually caused by staph aureus
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Secretion of staph aureus toxin into blood causes systemic blisters
“Skin peels away in sheets
Necrotizing fasciitis
Bacterial infection of fascia, spreads quickly
Pain unproportional to physical exam findings
Secondary syphilis
Second stage/presentation of sexually transmitted infection syphilis caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum
Secondary syphilis presents with diffuse rash which frequently involves palms of hands, soles of fee
Dermatophytes
Named “tinea _____” for the site of infection
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) → foot
Shoes create moisture → infected in public gym, pools, showers
Scaling/redness
Often recurs
Three patterns: interdigital, vesiculobullous, and moccasin types
Can involve nails → onychomycosis (requires oral antifungals (terbinafine) bc poor access with topicals)
Treat with hygiene (change socks, foot powder for dryness) and topical antifungals (imidazoles, allylamines, ciclopirox)
Can lead to lower leg cellulitis (fungal infxn creates portal of entry for bacteria)
Tinea corporis (ringworm) → trunk and limbs
Ring shaped lesion with central clearing → “ringworm”
Causes itching, affects all ages, often asymmetric
Treat similar to tinea pedis, use oral antifungals (terbinafine and fluconazole in severe cases)
Tinea cruris is similar in groin area
Tinea capitis → scalp and hair
Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor
AKA dermatomycosis furfuracea, tinea flava
Eruption of macules/patches on the skin, can be many colors .. tan, salmon, hypopigmented patches or macules
Usually on trunk
Diaper candidiasis
Presents in infant with red erosions in diaper area, with satellite lesions, involving skin folds
Pathogenesis: urease in feces breaks down urea from urine into ammonia → irritates skin → candida from feces enters the skin
Candidal intertrigo
Chicken pox
AKA varicella
Herpes zoster
AKA shingles
Herpes simplex
Kaposi sarcoma
Verruca vulgaris
AKA common wart
Genital warts
Sexually transmitted disease caused by HPV
→ verrucous sessile exophytic papules on external genitalia, perineum, perianal, inguinal fold
Extensive infection in immunocompromised (HIV, organ transplant)
HPV types 6 and 11 typically cause genital warts (recall 16 and 18 cause high grade intraepithelial neoplasia
Prevent with gardasil vaccine, protect against types 6, 11, 16, 18
Treatment: cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, surgery, imiquimod (TLR7/8 agonist to stimulate immune system
Molluscum contagiosum
Pediculosis
AKA pediculosis capitis, lice
Lice infestation of the human head
Caused by human louse Pediculus humanus var capitis
Causes scalp pruritis (itchiness), might cause posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Scabies
AKA seven-year itch
Contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei
Bed bugs
Human parasite that feeds on human blood found in bedding and sleep areas, active at night
Most common bed bug is Cimex lectularius
Saliva has antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant, vasodilators
Host presents with edematous papules scattered over the body
Treatment: bites resolve in a week or two; topical anti-itch or steroids for symptoms. Clean everything, hire exterminator.
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Herpers simplex
Herpers genital
varicella zoster virus- chicken pox and shingles
Scabies
Yeast candida
folliculitis
impetigo
Ringworm
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If you always end up soaked while your friends are barely glistening, you might have wondered why your sweat glands are so… sweaty.
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Sources:
https://www.sweathelp.org/home/types-of-hyperhidrosis.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/antiperspirants/antiperspirant-basics.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/medications.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/ets-surgery.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/underarm-surgeries.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/pdf/drugs_2009.pdf
https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(04)00546-8/abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20696786
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1401080/
https://www.medicaldaily.com/sweat-set-what-causes-some-people-sweat-more-others-271950
http://www.oapublishinglondon.com/article/1433
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TranspirationPerspirationCommonsFL.jpg
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Dr. Ana Velez speaks about common skin infections that are clinically relevant to the internist and infectious disease physician. She covers the identification of these infections, complications, and medical and surgical management, based on the depth of skin affected. She covers impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, fasciitis, and myonecrosis. Some infections mentioned include staphylococcal infections (including MRSA), clostridium, polymicrobial necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier’s gangrene, Pseudomonas folliculitis, and herpes zoster (shingles).
IDPodcasts brings you essential updates in medical infectious diseases learning, brought to you from the University of South Florida’s Division of Infectious Disease.
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Many people who sweat excessively do not realize that they have a treatable medical condition called hyperhidrosis. The following tips from dermatologists can help you gain control. Learn more: https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/dry-sweaty-skin/hyperhidrosis#tips
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rhis video contain common skin lesion pictures with defination. Easy to memorize
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Learn how to identify common, non-cancerous skin lesions. Dermatologist Dr. Meredith Overholt shows examples of cherry hemangiomas, seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis. For more health information visit www.drbobshow.com.
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Hello Friends,
Check out this video on “Why do some People Sweat more than others?” Science Curiosity video by Letstute.
What do you think is the reason behind sweating? Why do some people sweat more? Sweating or perspiration is our body’s natural cooling mechanism by which our body temperature is regulated.
When we exercise or eat spicy food or when we are nervous, we sweat. Other reasons for sweat can be hormonal shifts, stress, or heat, Because of all this, our internal body temperature rises which results in sweating which in turn causes transfer of our body heat into the atmosphere due to evaporation of moisture. There are around 2 – 4 million sweat glands spread all over human skin. Sweat glands are of two types: Eccrine and Apocrine. Eccrine glands are mostly concentrated on the palms, soles, forehead, and armpit, but cover your entire body. Apocrine glands are found in armpits and groin. excessive sweating is called hyperhidrosis. There are two basic types of it, Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis and Secondary Generalized Hyperhidrosis. Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis appears in early adulthood in which an individual sweat more in one or few specific areas like feet, hands, face, or armpits. This is a medical condition and it’s genetic too. Scientists are still looking for what causes this disorder.
On the other hand, Secondary Generalized Hyperhidrosis affects the entire body. This type of excessive sweating is caused by another medical condition or is a side effect of a medication. That’s why it’s called secondary – it’s secondary to a medical condition. But do you know there are people who do not sweat at all. This sounds like a boon, but is it? Some people aren’t able to sweat typically because their sweat glands are no longer functioning properly. This condition is known as hypohidrosis, or anhidrosis.
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